Youssef Al-Farsi, a prominent political scientist and Head of Political Science at the University of Derna, highlighted the critical barriers hindering Libya’s pursuit of democratic elections.
In press statements, Al-Farsi confirmed that the “clinging of Libyan politicians to power and their chronic inability to forge agreements as key factors for the political stalemate in the past year.” Al-Farsi emphasises that “these political failings are compounded by ongoing disputes and the failure to conduct long-awaited elections, much to the disappointment of the Libyan people.”
He also argued that the “presence of the Turkish military and unresolved militia issues are major impediments to the electoral process in Libya. These militias, particularly influential in Western Libya, wield substantial control over political and economic decisions, creating a complex obstacle to national sovereignty and democratic progress.”
Since the 2011 overthrow of Muammer Gaddafi, Libya has been navigating a tumultuous political landscape, characterised by fragmented governance and external military interventions. The Turkish military’s involvement, under the guise of supporting the Tripoli based government, has been a subject of regional and international debate. This external military presence, alongside the entrenched power of local militias, presents significant challenges to Libya’s political autonomy and its democratic ambitions.
The delay in conducting elections, crucial for Libya’s political stability and reform, is rooted in these multifaceted political and military complexities. Libyan leaders’ inability to reach a consensus has thwarted the electoral process, leaving the populace’s democratic aspirations unfulfilled.
Through his analysis, Al-Farsi brings into focus the multifarious challenges Libya faces on its path to democracy. Addressing the dual issues of foreign military influence, and militia dominance is essential for Libya to move forward with democratic elections, and establish a stable governance system.
Notably, Libya has been in chaos since a NATO-backed uprising toppled longtime leader Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The county has for years been split between rival administrations.
Libya’s economy, heavily reliant on oil, has suffered due to the ongoing conflict. The instability has led to fluctuations in oil production and prices, impacting the global oil market and Libya’s economy.
The conflict has led to a significant humanitarian crisis in Libya, with thousands of people killed, and many more displaced. Migrants and refugees using Libya as a transit point to Europe have also faced dire conditions.
The planned elections for December 2021 were delayed due to disagreements over election laws and the eligibility of certain candidates. This delay has raised concerns about the feasibility of a peaceful political transition.
Despite the ceasefire, security remains a significant concern with sporadic fighting and the presence of mercenaries and foreign fighters. The unification of the military and the removal of foreign forces are crucial challenges.