Libya has officially recorded its first case of Q Fever, a zoonotic disease that can affect both animals and humans, according to the Libyan Center for Research on Tropical and Transboundary Diseases.
The infection was detected in two sheep herds in the city of Al-Zintan, marking what is believed to be the first confirmed outbreak in the country.
In a statement issued Tuesday, the center noted that further laboratory analysis is underway. Once complete, relevant authorities will be contacted to coordinate preventive and containment measures to avoid wider transmission.
Q Fever is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is highly resilient in the environment. It can survive in soil, animal waste, and contaminated dust for extended periods—even under harsh conditions. Transmission to humans occurs mainly through inhalation of airborne particles from contaminated environments, especially in areas where livestock are kept or birthed.
While animals often show no symptoms, ruminants such as sheep, goats, and cattle may suffer from reproductive disorders including miscarriages, uterine infections, and infertility. The bacteria are most heavily shed during birthing, particularly in placental material and fluids.
In humans, Q Fever may cause either acute or chronic illness. Symptoms range from fever, cough, and muscle pain to diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, and headaches. Without proper treatment, chronic infections can lead to serious complications, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
The center issued a special warning for pregnant women, noting that Q Fever can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, and other pregnancy-related complications. These outcomes are typically linked to placental inflammation or vascular issues, although fetal infections have also been documented.
