The Central Bank of Libya (CBL) announced on Thursday that total public revenues for the first eleven months of 2025 reached 115.4 billion dinars, reaffirming the country’s overwhelming dependence on oil income while exposing mounting pressures on foreign exchange reserves and public spending.
The data, covering the period from 1 January to 30 November, highlights an increasingly strained fiscal landscape shaped by declining oil receipts in recent months.
Oil sales brought in 93.3 billion dinars, with oil royalties adding 16 billion dinars. Non-oil revenues remained modest: one billion dinars from taxes, 146.6 million from customs duties, 192.2 million from telecommunications, and 450 million dinars in Central Bank profit transfers.
No revenue was recorded from domestic fuel sales, reflecting the ongoing subsidy structure. A further 4.3 billion dinars came from service-related fees collected by financial oversight offices across Libyan cities.
Alongside the revenue update, the Central Bank reported total public expenditure of 107.5 billion dinars during the same eleven-month period. Salaries under Chapter One accounted for 61.2 billion dinars, not including November wages, which had not been transmitted by the Ministry of Finance before month-end.
Chapter Two expenditures, covering operational costs and the salaries of some state entities, amounted to 5.8 billion dinars.
Development spending under Chapter Three reached 7.2 billion dinars, while subsidies under Chapter Four totaled 33.3 billion dinars, including fuel support, payments to public companies, and family allowances. No allocations were executed under Chapter Five for emergencies.
Despite sizable revenue inflows, the Central Bank reported a foreign currency deficit of 7.8 billion dollars. Oil income and royalties amounted to 20.7 billion dollars, while total foreign-exchange uses reached 28.5 billion dollars. The deficit widened due to declining oil revenues since September, prompting the Bank to cover the shortfall through returns on its foreign investments and gold holdings.
Foreign currency spending totaled 6.04 billion dollars through the Central Bank and 22.52 billion dollars via commercial banks, including fuel import costs of 2.682 billion dollars and 14.19 billion dollars allocated through letters of credit.
